David Lewis

and

The Southern

Indian Mission

Mountains of the Sun
by Howard Russell Butler

Preface

          During the October General Conference of 1853, David was called by Brigham Young to serve in the Southern Indian Mission. This would be the first mission among the Indians in more than 20 years. David was selected to be the first counselor to Rufus C. Allen, who had recently served a mission with Elder Parley P. Pratt in Chile. 

1

Farewell Poem for Duritha

When I am gone and far away,

And you no more can see,

Go to a lonely place and pray,

And there remember me.

When I am gone, and the moon shines bright,

Go out some night and see,

And think that I, am gazing too,

And there remember me.

When I am gone, and you’re alone,

And you should lonesome be,

My little children call around,

And talk to them of me.

When you take a pleasant walk,

The garden flowers to see,

Remember the sweetest, you once could find,

You plucked them off for me.

When you’re around the fireside,

And all is well with thee,

Remember I’m, in a distant land,

And wish you were with me.

With anxious heart, you oft will gaze,

Impatient for to see,

But you will look and look again,

But yet it is not me.

For I will be in distant lands,

Perhaps beyond the sea,

And when my mission, it does end,

I will return to thee.

But if I do, no more return,

Then shed no tears for me,

But remember well the words I left,

Which were, “Remember me.”

2

Early Mission Discourses

May 14^th, 1854

  All the scenes that Brother Lott has recounted, I shared in. My brother Benjamin Lewis was killed in Missouri. The second time that I heard a Mormon preach, he declared, holding up the Book of Mormon, that this was a record of the red men, and of God's dealings with their fathers; and that we should one day carry this work to the Indians, and we are now living among them, to teach them of this work.

  We must treat them like children, by degrees, to quit their savage customs. Shall we have no opportunities? We shall. No conquest without a struggle. No victory without a fight. Be diligent, faithful, and patient, and the Lord will reward you when you have been proved.

  Ephraim is the battle ax of the Lord. May we not have been sent to learn and know how to use this ax with skill.

  When I was a prisoner, I realized Paul's experience, “amid perils among false brethren.” Then one who was considered in peaceful times a good Mormon, became a traitor, and informed the rebels of all that he knew. They became tired of his information and when peaceful times came, he became a passable Mormon, and his children seem so too.

May 23^rd, 1854

  T. D. Brown wrote, "Brother Lewis recounted what had occurred in counsel on Sunday the 21st. Each prayed and Brother Allen said that Brother Lewis might now speak and free his mind. He then said, “I think that we ought to take a trip south and see Toquer, the chief of the Paiede band, and see how Israel lies scattered in the south. I heard that some Indians there were so poorly covered they have never ventured out to see a white man. Also, to see that they managed properly the seeds that we gave them, and to see their condition that we might do the most good, and know how we could best provide for ourselves if we should go there.

  Our calling requires us to know the mind of the Spirit of the Lord in all our moves in this mission, and to see and judge for ourselves and not depend entirely on the testimony of others.” T. D. Brown noted, “Brother Atwood followed and agreed with Brother Lewis. From President Young’s teachings, he felt the responsibility of this now greater, being entirely upon us, and desired to accomplish all of the good that we could. Brother Allen was glad to see that in good spirit and faith we wished to do our duty and see this mission prosper but felt to defer this trip for a few days, for our grain would require watering. If we went right off we would have to hurry back. This he thought would satisfy the company.”
            David added, "I would like to take a little corn seed, melon seed, etc., so that if we go again in the fall, we would have something to eat; and it would show the chiefs that we accept their offer to come and occupy their lands." T. D. Brown wrote, "Brother Allen objected to this because he thought it was too late. Brother Atwood was of the same mind. Brother Lewis repeated his conviction that this would be a loud sermon to Toquer that we were his friends." David continued, "Others had promised to come and open his lands and had not kept their word. If we go and take no seed, they would again feel disappointed."
            T. D. Brown concluded, "Brother Allen, upon reconsidering, said that it could be done. Others would have to follow and they could attend to the watering of it, and the Indians would also likely help. Brother Brown said a beginning of this sort would please them and fulfill a promise. It was agreed that a company would start on Thursday if all of the missionaries approved."

3

First Expedition

Thursday, May 25^th

          I, Samuel F. Atwood, Isaac Riddle, Ira Hatch, and Carlos Shirts started this morning from camp to go south and visit the Indians, Toquer and his band.

Friday, May 26^th

          This day, after passing over an unbroken and rocky road down south, the Paiute Indians were camped on two springs of good water. There were plenty of grape vines around and we called these Grapevine Springs

Saturday, May 27^th

          We left an old Indian trail that probably would have taken us to Santa Clara. Having no Indian guide, we turned east in search of a trail. We then turned down a dry canyon for several miles in a southwest direction. Here on the left, we found one mountain intermingled with Isinglass (Feldspar or Mica?). Farther, we came upon two perpendicular rocks several hundred feet square.
          On this rock were many engravings of an ancient date from appearance, images of men and beasts, and as it were an army of men marching with weapons of war toward the West. Opposed to these stood a man. He had both hands raised above his head as if he was asking for mercy of these men. A river and a lake were also engraved on this rock, and a serpent coiled up. This was about 3/4 of a mile off the Rio Virgin. 
          Finding the mountains too high to ascend and too close to the river to proceed, we turned near Grapevine Springs and took a southwest course following an old Indian trail on a good road. We went 4 miles and camped for the night.

Sunday, May 28^th

        Today, we traveled two miles farther on and came to Quail Creek. We found some old quails with some young ones here. This creek runs into Cottonwood Creek and with it runs through a gap in the mountains about half a mile from our last night's encampment and empties into the Rio Virgin. 

          We saw the timber of the Virgin but the mountain was too broken up here to approach it. We passed on to it about 10 miles and found no arable land on this side, and from all appearances none on the other. We found the mountains converging southwards and no Indians or late signs of them. We found an Indian patch of one acre planted with wheat and corn, both in the hills. The corn was too thick. Around the corn and among it were many pumpkins, squash, etc., enough to cover the land had there been no corn. 

          I think farming land is scarce here and though some might be had on the benches, I fear that that water could not be taken to it. There was some cottonwood, a little ash, and low cedar, as well as many grape vines. The ouse, or oose, which the Indians say is very sweet, was mostly killed off by the frost; but some were as big as a large pumpkin.
          We found many pieces of earthenware, well-colored and mathematically correct. We also found several petrified trees and wood, and this on top of a high mountain. The trunk, bark, and branches had all fallen and become rock! We started on our way home.

4

Second Expedition

          One of the missionaries, Elder Robinson, wrote the following letter to his parents.

          I have been among the Indians on a mission...with Brother Lewis as our captain.... We found some Indians who were tilling the earth.... They came up to shake hands.... We told them what we came for: to learn their language and do them good.

          We sang a hymn and prayed.... The Indians had heard that we baptized other Indians and they wanted to be baptized, and to be Mormons. We baptized and confirmed eight, and laid our hands on one old man for his health. Our captain spoke to them as well as he could through one of our men, and told them that they were Mormons now; that they must not steal but do as we told them, and the Lord would bless them.

          The next morning we bid the Indians farewell and traveled...over rough country...until we came to the wickiup of the ‘big chief,’ as the Indians call him. He came out to meet us and showed us where to camp. He is about as large of an Indian as I have seen in the nation. He is a stern, sober looking Indian, and looks as though he would be a friend whilst friendly, and a fearful enemy while at enmity....

          We sang and prayed, which we always did every night and morning. We told them that we had come to learn their language, that we might be able to talk with them and tell them many good things. We told them we had a book in our possession that was the history of their fathers, and was written many years ago, and which spoke about them; and that we would tell them more about the book when we could speak to them. This seemed to please them, and gradually the stern and sullen expression of the chief’s countenance gave way to a smile.

          He wanted to look at it. We showed him what it was; that it was plates of gold and that this was the writing on paper. He seemed pleased. We spoke through one of our men, who understands a little of the Indian language, to our guide, and gave him a few leading items to tell the Indians.

          He got up and told them that the Great Shenowah, which means God, had told our great captain to tell us to leave our squaws to come to them to do them good, and to teach them how to work, and to build houses, and to be like Mormons. The chief got up and said that he was friendly, and believed that we had come to do them good, and believed that God did speak to our big captain. We sang and prayed, laid hands on a little child, and then dismissed them.

          The next morning before the sun was up the chief came to us with a child for us to bless. We did so. They have great faith in the laying on of hands, although they knew nothing about it until we went among them. We...sang and prayed. They delight in singing, which art they have lost. They do nothing but hum.

          The chief said he wanted to be baptized with many of his band. We baptized and confirmed 66 that afternoon. We told them, through our guide, that they were Mormons now; and that they must not steal from nor fight other Indians but be good.

The next day we baptized 15 more and confirmed them. We then formed a circle and Brother Lewis stood in the middle and addressed them. 
          All were there that had been baptized at this place. He said, ‘I wish that I could speak to you in your own language, and be able to tell you who you are and where you came from.’ He told them to be faithful and the Lord would bless them; their minds would be enlightened and they would become like the Mormons, etc. He called for two volunteers to go to the Muddy and tell the Indians there that we would come among them if they wanted us to, and spoke many good things to them. We then told our guide and he got up and told these things to them. They said, ‘Joy’, which means 'alright.'

          The chief got up and spoke very lengthy, exhorting his people to be faithful and then calling for two volunteers to go to the Muddy. Two readily volunteered to go. We then administered to a good many and then dismissed them. Night came on and we were soon locked in the sweet embrace of slumber.

          The next morning, Brother Lewis requested me and another to go up with him to see the chief. We were received kindly. We told him through our guide that we would like him to let his children go to our schools, and learn to read and write; to build houses, make farms, and live like us. He seemed to like the idea and said that he wanted them to learn to sing, too, which he is very fond of. We left him in good humor....

          The next morning as we were preparing to go, the Indians gathered around to bid us goodbye. We shook hands and they looked sorrowful. We mounted and Brother Lewis said, ‘Be good and don’t steal. Be faithful and the Lord will be good to you and bless you.’

          We rode down the river, camped another night, and saw more Indians the next day. Brother Lewis became sick through intense heat. Since our provisions were low, we started home.... We saw some of the curious carvings of nature and returned home to our wagons in safety.

5

fourth Expedition:

Official Indian Mission Journal Record

          This account was dictated by David to the mission recorder and sent to Brigham Young by letter.

Fourth Trip

          On Monday, the 23^rd of October, at 9 A.M., I, Samuel F. Atwood, Jacob Hamblin, A. P. Hardy, Ira Hatch, C. Ames, and H. Burges of this mission, also Peter Shirts and two Indian interpreters – Dick, or Queets, and Naghuts (Mountain Sheep) – started southward intending to surround a district of country from the headwaters of the Rio Virgin and the Sevier; from there east and northward to Fish Lake near Parowan; and from there to return to this place.

          We traveled from Old Harmony to Chief Toquer’s old wickiup and crossed the Rio Virgin 20 miles south of there. We then took off in a southeast direction, ascending a steep hill. Then after traveling on a level for ½ mile, we ascended a second mountain, which was very steep and rocky. This was topped by a few rods of level land.

          Then we ascended a third mountain, up all of which we had to lead our horses; and after traveling 3 miles, we found ourselves at the foot of a mountain, higher by some thousand feet than the elevated land we now occupied. Directing our course a little southward for three miles, we came to a small stream of water and nooned.

          From there, we traveled 10 miles due east and 2 miles south by a spring near the base of the mountain where we camped. The perpendicular mountains on the north and the lower ones on the south, between which we passed this day, are most beautiful (the mountains on the north are Zion National Park) – lofty turrets; temple spires; elevated ramparts; forts inaccessible; bastions and outworks impregnable!* I regretted that my daguerreotype apparatus was not by, that you might behold the likeness of nature’s grandeur in this southern land.

          The valleys are covered with good grass. The land is fertile, but water is scarce. Pinion pines and scrubby cedar abound, upon the nuts of the former the Indians at present chiefly subsist. We ate them and thought they were good. The Indians willingly exchanged these with us for an equal measure of flour.

          Rain and snow fell this evening. Our third day’s journey of 20 miles was in a similar course, only the mountains on our right declined – these are the boundaries of the Rio Virgin head waters – and finally on our right, southward, the landscape opened out to an extensive plain. The tops of our mountain seemed far off in the south. The lofty mountains on our left divide the head waters of the Rio Virgin from those of the Sevier.   Traveling this day was sandy, but the grass was good. We traveled 20 miles on the fourth day over a similar soil. The grass was good, but there was no water. Our course was southeast by east. We encamped on a good spring.

          From there, the Indians had fled on seeing us. We sent out one of our interpreters, Dick, to hunt them up and bring them in. After sundown, we went out to look after our horses and perceived an Indian approaching, apparently actuated by fear. We encouraged him to approach. He found our other interpreter, Naghuts, his brother.

          Finding that we were friends, he went out and brought in 7 other Indians. On the morning following, another Indian and one squaw joined us. Some of our younger brethren had rolled a few rocks down one of the neighboring mountains. Naghuts came up to me, whispering as if he was afraid to disturb the dead. He said that all of their squaws and many of the Indians had died lately, and that up there among the rocks they had hid them. The disease from their description must have been vomiting and the bloody flux. Only one squaw left among so many men!

          There was a heavy frost last night. The Indians left us in the morning to hunt up some more, promising to return. This day, we went 10 miles a little north of east. We found a little water and camped.

          On Saturday morning, our 6^th day out, the weather was fine. Naghuts, who had tarried with his friends at our last camping place, came up with 4 more Indians. We traveled 10 miles northeast and came to a little water standing in a ravine, and there we camped.

          On Sunday, the 29^th of October and our 7th day out, I was sick so we stopped. The morning was fine but cool. At 2 o’clock, we started and traveled 15 miles northeast. We didn’t stop until after sundown. We found a little water standing in a hole and camped.

          On Monday the 30^th, we came near the north end of the Buckskin Mountains. We traveled 15 miles, mostly among cedars. There were many red mountains on our left, about 15 miles off. We found some water by digging in a ravine after we camped.

          I, Jacob Hamblin, and Peter Shirts, with our 2 Indian interpreters, went about 5 miles to a mountain the Indians call Panaker (i.e. iron). We brought back some specimens, two of which have been sent to the editor of the news. The one seems principally lead ore. The other perhaps contains antimony, quicksilver, and lead. Others think they probably contain nickel or silver, as well as manganese and other fused metals. Your city chemists perhaps have the means of testing them?

          Amongst these mountains we also saw many specimens of fine earthenware. They were well-glazed on both sides. They had a red body and were beautifully painted in black and white in various figures – squares, angles, and circles. Here at some former period must have been a busy population.

          The external appearance of these fused metals indicated rather the remains of some extensive metal works than a portion of metallic strata that lies beneath the surface undisturbed. Could so large a population as these appearances indicate remain here without water? No. What changes then have occurred in these places?         Here also, we found large specimens of petrified wood. There were almost entire trees as hard as stone. We also found fine specimens of green paint; and beautiful red paint, which in my opinion contains much quicksilver. We were here also near the large rocks of fine salt – and beautiful marble of light green, dark and transparent, specimens of which they brought us.

          From this point, we meant to have visited the Upper Colorado, lying southeast of the Buckskin  Mountains – near which the Moqui tribe live. But having to feed our Indians and others, our provisions would not hold out. They informed us that many of the Moqui had died. They wished us to go over and see them.

          They said that they were very friendly to strangers and had plenty of sheep, and that they would feed us well. They said that they made blankets and grew corn, beans, pumpkins and squash. They also said that they had plenty of horses but no guns.

          We were but one step off of the bank and the water was up to our armpits. We were now only about 110 miles from Parowan. On Tuesday, our ninth day out, we traveled 20 miles in a northwest course for the Panguitch, or Fish Lake.

          Our Indians discovered some fresh footprints of other Indians that were coming towards us but had turned; and from the longer steps, had run backwards. They went out to hunt them. After traveling many miles, they overtook them. They came and piloted us to their wickiups. There were 9 Indians, 5 squaws, and 1 boy. Here, we found water and plenty of grass.

          This day, we found beautiful mineral gravel. It was mostly round and polished and of all sizes, but mostly of marble size. Some of our lead workers say this is always found near lead mines.

Wednesday the 1^st to Friday the 3^rd of November

          We travelled northwest over a rough and mountainous country. We first crossed Albatpa, or great water – one branch of the Sevier. Eight miles further on we came to another branch, the Paguimp, or west fork. The former was about 2 rods wide and 2 feet deep. The other was a little narrower.

          Here was the finest specimen of tall pines in great abundance that I have ever seen; and that at some period may be floated down, and the quantity inexhaustible. Two of the Indians that we saw the day before came to us with venison to trade for powder and lead.

          We arrived at Fish Lake; and 25 miles onward, after passing over some snow covered mountains, arrived at Parowan.

          Our instructions to those Indians were different from those given to them on the Santa Clara. The latter were busily employed cultivating the soil, and were content only requiring some farming tools and instructions on the use of them. They also wanted some winter houses to make them happier for the present and still more content.

          Those on this new route knew nothing of work and could not cultivate land profitably, water being scarce. We counseled them to gather into settlements, learn to work, and get good clothing and better food.

*This description was added by Brother Brown.

6

fourth Expedition:

David’s Journal

Monday, October 23^rd

          Today at 9 o’clock, I, Samuel Atwood, Jacob Hamblin, Augustus P. Hardy, Ira Hatch, Clarke Ames, and  Hyrum Burgess, and Peter Shirts started south. We encamped on Ash Creek, near Toquer’s old wickiup. We traveled about 20 miles.

Tuesday, October 24^th

           We left our encampment about 9 o’clock and in about two miles, came to the Rio Virgin. After crossing over, we struck off in a southeast direction to ascend a steep hill or mountain. We then struck off on a level for ½ mile and then ascended a second bench of the mountain, which was very steep and rocky. After we ascended this bench, we traveled on a level for a few rods.

          We ascended a third bench and in about three miles from the river, we found ourselves at the summit of a high mountain. Yet, not by some thousands of feet on a level with many mountains that were around us. We then struck off southeast for about three miles and came to a small stream of water. We here alighted and took some refreshment.

          We then traveled about ten miles in a due east direction; then turned south and encamped in about two miles. Today we passed the most beautiful mountains. On either side, they were very high and perpendicular. The valley was beautiful and fertile. It had fine grass, pinion pine timber, and scrubby cedar.

          It rained and snowed at night. Water was very scarce. We found a small spring on the side of the mountain where we camped. We traveled about 18 miles.

Wednesday, October 25^th        

          This morning was good. Snow was lying on the mountains around us. We continued our journey. Our course for a few miles was east. We then turned to the southeast, traveling over nearly level ground. It was quite sandy and in a large valley.

          We found water on rocks after about twenty miles but no stream. We camped at a small lake which had formed from the rain of the night before. We killed several rabbits.

Thursday, October 26^th

          This morning was frosty. Today our course was east of southeast. The going was sandy, and there was no water. We traveled 20 miles through a beautiful valley with high and splendid looking mountains on either side. We found a good spring of water where we camped in view of the Buckskin Mountains.

          After we encamped, some Indians came. There were seven in number. They had seen us and hid in fear. After a while, they ventured up.

Friday, October 27^th

          This morning, one squaw and another Indian came to our camp, making nine in number. We then left our camp and went 10 miles in a little north of east direction. We left the Indians with good feelings. They promised to come to our camp at night and said they would go and hunt the other Indians, nine of their group.

          There was heavy frost last night. We found a little water where we camped.

Saturday, October 28^th

          This morning, we had fine weather. Our guide, Nahguts, who had tarried with the Indians the morning before, came to our camp with four other Indians.

          We traveled northeast, going around a peak on our right. In about 10 miles we came to a little water standing in a ravine.

Sunday, October 29th

          This morning I was very sick, so we lay at camp until two o’clock. We then started and traveled 15 miles in a northeast direction. It was night when we stopped, after finding a little water in a hole.

Monday, October 30th

          The morning was fine but cool. We had no water for our horses. We traveled a little north of northeast. We traveled today mostly amongst the cedars, leaving many red mountains close on our left. We traveled about 15 miles. We got a little water by digging in a ravine.

          After we encamped, I, Jacob Hamblin, Peter Shirts and two Indians went about five miles in a northeastern direction to view a mountain that the Indians call Panaker Mountain. We brought back some “panaker” to our camp. This is a dark, shiny, and very mineral substance; but of what value we knew not.

          We also saw among these mountains a large amount of old, broken crockery, that has been made and used by some other race of Indians than those that now dwell here. We also found a great deal of petrified wood – almost entire whole trees that are now hard stone.

Tuesday, October 31^st

          This morning, we started and went up a canyon. We were aiming to strike for the Panguitch Lake. We stopped and baited our poles as soon as we got up the canyon.

          The guides that were with us went to look for some Indians, as we saw some fresh tracks as we came up the canyon. We passed on for several miles and came to a wide and deep canyon. We then ascended a very steep and high mountain. We here overtook two Indians.

          They piloted us to their wickiups. We here found water and plenty of grass, so we encamped for the night. Today we traveled about 20 miles in a northwest course. There were nine Indians, four squaws, and one boy at this place.

Wednesday, November 1^st

We traveled northwest over very rough and mountainous country. It was very cloudy and cool. It snowed a little.

We traveled 20 five miles. We  found a little water and encamped.

Thursday, November 2^nd

Our course today was northwest. We traveled about 8 miles and came to Abappah, or one prong of the Sevier. We traveled on and came upon two Indians.

The stream here is about two rods wide and two feet deep. It was a rough and mountainous course to the Pahguimp, or west fork of the Sevier. We here encamped for the night. The stream here was 1 ½ rods wide and 2 feet deep. We traveled about 15 miles today.

Friday, November 3rd

This morning, the two Indians that we saw the day before came and brought us some venison to sell for powder and bullets. We were glad for the chance to buy meat, as we now had none. We continued our course northwest over rough mountains for 12 miles and came to “Panguitch”, or Fish Lake. We passed up to the mouth of the canyon leading to Parowan and encamped.

Saturday, November 4^th

Today we passed up a canyon and over a steep mountain. We arrived at Parowan about three o’clock and stopped at my own house.

7

Discourse to Cedar City Saints

November 6^th, 1854

          When Brother Lewis arrived at Cedar City, he addressed the saints there and told them from our knowledge of the different and peculiar habits of the Indians it would be pardonable if he should talk to them of their duties as local missionaries. He said, “We cannot employ these Indians entirely ourselves. We hunt and fish them out from the holes and caves of the earth. Though they are the descendants of royal fathers, through their disobedience they have become degraded; but their fathers obtained blessings for them and now witness with joy the debt paid, the keys turned, the door of their Father’s kingdom opened for their admission. Shall we then treat them worse than our pigs are treated? Or shall we bear with their ignorance be patient and teach them? Shall we fare sumptuously and throw them our scraps?

          I would advise that you employ them feed them well and at the end of a week or so give them one of those shirts which the sisters of the various wards in and around the city made and are now lying among you to warm them and cheer them on to future diligence. These without your employing them may lie on the shelves and the Indian remain cold. Cease playing with them, wrestling, fighting, and threatening them with instruments of death — and what you will do when your walls are built. No good Saint would ever circulate among them that we meant to kill the older men and save the squaws and children!

          Can you tell the effects or results of such rumors among them? Are the heavens pleased? Do their fathers approbate such a course? No. We do not mean to regulate the churches in this southern region. You can judge the spirit by which these sentiments are dictated. But when we see a wrong — or a course of conduct that would be injurious to this mission and to the remnants of Israel, we shall speak of it for future good. Be not then stingy in feeding the Indians, oppressive in their labor or penurious in their hire. And finally, deceive them not in your trading with them. Who among you could take from them a pair of good boots for an old kitchen knife?”

8

Journal Entries:

November 5, 1854

to

January 7, 1855

November 5th, Sunday

          I went to meeting.

November 6th, Monday

          I went to Cedar City and held a meeting.

November 7th, Tuesday

          I went to Harmony.

November 8th, Wednesday

          I dug potatoes.

November 9th, Thursday

           Rufus C. Allen returned. I hauled wood.

 November 11th, Saturday

          I started to Parowan. I stopped at Shirts’ Creek.

November 12th, Sunday

          I arrived at Parowan.

November 13th, Monday

          I visited Walker.

November 14th, Tuesday

          I read Walkers’ letters.

November 15th, Wednesday

          I was sick.

November 16th, Thursday

           I was not well. I wrote to T. Bullock.

November 17th, Friday

          I hauled wood. C. Ricks arrived at Parowan.

November 18th, Saturday

          I hauled wood.

November 20th, Monday

          I was summoned on a jury. Later, we had a dance. 
November 21st, 22nd, 23rd

          I was on the jury.

November 24th, Friday

          I put away my potatoes.

November 25th, Saturday

          I went to Harmony.

November 26th, Sunday

          I returned to Parowan.

November 27th, Monday

          I shelled corn and went to the mill.

November 28th, Tuesday

          I visited with the Indians.

November 29th, Wednesday

          I made a washer.

November 30th, Thursday

          I made a wash tub.

 December 1st, Friday

          I made a barrel.

December 2nd, Saturday

          I visited the Indians.

December 3rd, Sunday

          I preached in the afternoon.

December 4th, Monday

          It snowed and rained.

December 5th, Tuesday

          Benson Dalton and Jayeson returned from the city. 
December 6th, Wednesday

          I made a wheat granary.

December 7th, Thursday

          It was Fast Day. I went to meeting.

December 9th, Saturday

          I went to Cedar City.

December 10th, Sunday

          I preached at Cedar City.

December 11th, Monday

          I helped Brother Haights start his distillery.

December 20th, 21st, 22nd

          I was at Harmony.

December 25th, Monday

          Christmas.

December 28th, Wednesday

          I left Parowan for the Great Salt Lake City.

January 7th, 1855, Sunday

          I arrived.

9

Indian mission report

January 9, 1855

President Brigham Young,

          Dear Brother, after nine months absence from this city on a mission to the southern Indians, I have now returned and wish to make to you a brief report of matters as they stand, which come under my own observations.

          My time has chiefly been occupied during the past summer and fall in visiting the Indians in their different locations. I have visited nearly the entire amount of Indians within one hundred miles of Harmony. After the fright of our first approach, and many of them fleeing and only being approached sometimes by means of Indians that went with us, they became very friendly. I have enrolled the names of one hundred and fifty five on my journal who were entered into a covenant of peace, and have this far kept their covenant. I can truly say that it has been beyond my expectation to see the influence that we have over them, the heed they give to our counsel, and the comfort they seem to take in our company.

          During the fall and winter, I often visited the camp of Chief Walker, who has until late been encamped in the canyon of Summit Creek, seven miles southwest of Parowan. After I got acquainted with Walker and explained to him my business in that country, he seemed to become much attached to me. He strongly solicited me to accompany him in the spring on a trading expedition to the Navajos. I told him that I would go if the big captain would tell me to go. He said that Brigham was a good captain and always spoke well, and always wanted peace. I told him that I was going to see the big captain pretty soon. He said that he wanted to talk with me before I went. He accordingly came to me and said, “For fear you forget, take your book and write it down.”

          He then proceeded, “Tell Brother Brigham to talk to the Snakes and tell them that I was not mad at them, neither did I blame them for what they had done; that me and my men had no hand in the matter; that Squash and a few of the Utahs were not wise, and I did not approve of the course that they had taken, and I want to be a good friend and never go to war with them again.

          Tell him that I am all the time preaching peace among the Indians, and the Mormons and Americans may now all pass as they please, one or two at a time. No cattle or horse shall be killed or stolen, and all might lie down and sleep well. None need to stand guard or be afraid.

          Tell him that the captains of Parowan have thrown me away without a cause; that they seem to be afraid of me, and I am afraid that they have written something bad to you about me.” And, said he, “I want you to talk to him yourself, and tell him yourself that I am his good friend all the time, and that I want him to know it. If they have written anything bad, you tell him that you have been with me, and speak well to him.

          Tell him in three moons to send me ten good rifles; some powder, lead, and caps; some shirts; and a stud colt, two years old, a good large American colt. Send them to a small stream south of Fillmore, and I will pay for them in horses; also have him send me some cattle for beef to last me to the Navajos.

          Tell him that I want you to go with me in the spring, and that my brother Sanpete wants Jacob Hamblin to go with him, as he had gotten acquainted with him whilst he was among the Santa Clara Indians.

          Take this papoose, and tell Brother Brigham that I give it to him. I want him to give me a good gun, a coat and vest, and a white blanket, and send them by you.” Ammon then spoke and said, “Tell Brother Brigham to send my wife a dress.”

          I now have the papoose in my possession, subject to your orders. It is a small boy, I suppose to be between three and four years old.

          Fort Harmony is in a prosperous condition. The walls of the fort were nearly completed. They were nine feet high on the 22nd of December. They expected in a week from that time to have it completed to that height. The weather was fine. There was no snow until the 1st day of January, which overtook me at the Sevier. It was about two inches deep there.

          As I passed through Cedar City, the Iron furnace was nearly ready for a blast. Brother Haight was very energetic and spirited in the cause of iron. They had found a new bed of coal within four miles of the furnace; and of a better quality than had been discovered before.

          Parowan also seemed in a prosperous condition. The fort walls were nearly completed to about eight feet high. It is the best wall I have seen in the mountains, with the exception of Harmony. The new mill at Parowan was nearly ready for operation. Grain seemed plenty in all of those settlements, with the exception of wheat at Harmony. On account of the scarcity of water, the wheat crops fell short; but corn, potatoes, and squash were plenty.

          The snow from Salt Creek to this place was from six to twelve inches deep.

          I remain as ever, your brother

          in the gospel of Christ,

                                     David Lewis

                                     First Counselor to Rufus C. Allen

                                     of the Southern Indian Mission

10

Death of Chief Wakara

President Brigham Young:

          Dear Brother, I improve this the earliest opportunity to inform you of the death of Captain Walker, the Ute Chief, after a sickness of 10 days. He died on the 29th of January, at Meadow Creek, about 6 miles from Fillmore. His complaint seemed to be a cold settled on his lungs.

          I arrived at Fillmore on the 28th. I started the next morning for Walker’s lodge. I met the Utes coming with Walker and supporting him on his horse. He held out his hand and shook hands, and seemed very glad to see me. He asked me if Brigham spoke well and if I was going with him to the Navajos. I told him that Brother Brigham spoke very well and perhaps I would go with him. I showed him your letter and gave him all the articles that you sent to him. He seemed greatly pleased with them and wanted me to come the next morning to Meadow Creek, and read the letter for him.

          On the next morning, before day, the Pauvans came running into the fort and said that Walker was dead; and that the Utes were mad and had killed two squaws and two Piede children. Ka-no-she, the Pauvan Chief, sent us word to drive up all our horses and cattle, and keep out of the canyons; that the Utes intended to kill two Pauvans and two Mormons, and a great many cattle.

          About eighteen of our people went out in the morning, and found that the Utes had killed two squaws, Paiede prisoners, two Paiede children, and about twelve to fifteen of Walker’s best horses (the Pauvans said twenty horses.) They buried Walker with the letter and articles that you sent him.

          Yours as ever, in the Gospel of Christ,

                                                             David Lewis

P.S. Walker’s last words to his people were not to kill the Mormon cattle, nor steal from them. I was with him until he was struck with death. He was in his senses and greatly desired to live. He possessed a good spirit and shook hands twice with me. As I was starting for the fort, he pressed my hand and said, “Come and see me again tomorrow, for I wish to have a long talk with you; but I'm too sick to talk now.”

                                                    

11

Paitue Dictionary

A

Afraid- She-re-ak

All- Man-no-ne

All gone- Ke-wit, To-pe-

     quck

Alone- Nan-o-shump

Anger- Squee-no-e-

     noompe

Antelope- Wants

Arm- Poo-rab

Arrived- Pee-jee

Arrow- O

Arrow point- Wa-nup

Ash- Ash-um-pebe

Ashes- Kot-soc-er-

     roomp
Ax- Que-pan-nump

B

Back (of a person)- Pe-

     o-shub

Barefoot- Nam-pah-no-

     neep

Bark or rind- Ah-she-oo

Bark of a dog- Ogwip

Beads- Tso

Bear- Que-ads

Beaver- Pah-wints

Beaver River- Que-     

     oome

Bed- Sho-neeb

Beets- Ung-cot-a-cup

Before- Nah-moon

Bell- Kah-gi-an-nump

Below- Tin-a-bant

Between- Narry-i-ban

Beyond- Qui-an-to

Birth- Wee

Bite- Keh-ee-nung

Bitter- Mo-ar-ur

Black- Toker

Blanket- Mogo

Blaze- Koot-se-be-be-

     unc

Blind eye- Poo-eeb-

     show-ger

Blood- Pi-upe

Blue- Sho-wog-ger

Blush or Smile- Ah-gah-

     he-ong-kop

Board- O-bing-she-pub

Bridle- Timp-ug-up

Boat- O-be-shock

Bobtail- Quash-sheets-    

     ab

Bone- Obe

Bow- Ads

Box Elder- Koot-sup-

     pow-e-oo

Bridge- Po-shock

Bring- Yock-ee

Broke- Koo-poke

Brown- To-we-ka-kor

Buckskin- Te-ub

Buckwheat- Ung-cop-

     weep

Buffalo- Koot-sen

Bunchgrass- O-goo-

     sheab

Butcher knife- Witch

Butterfly- Yah-tup-a-

     yeets

C

Camp- Me-ah-bich-oop

Cane- Nan-sit-tump

Cane or reed- Pah-gup

Canyon or hollow- O-

     weep, We-wucs

Captain- Nee-ab

Cattle- Koots-en-pun-go

Cedar- Wap

Cedar berries- Wah-

     poompe

Chalk- Que-pap

Chicken- Kahn

Children- Pee-skarts

Close by- Tsog-ipe

Cloth- Pina-sher

Clouds- Pah-gun-up

Coat or shirt- Tah-oi

Cold- Shap-pi-ik

Cold water- Shoo-par

Collection of people-

     Me-er-um

Colt- Kah-vah-ra-weets

Come here- Oh-kin-kah

Continue- Tish-amp

Coresin- Shi-nants

Corn- Koo-mee-yea-up,

     Yea up

Cottonwood- Tser-weep

Council- Em-pak-car-

     rup

Cousin- Shi-nants

Cow- Tsim-pub-up

Coward- Pou-oo-roop

Crane- Tso-core

Crooked- Nah-poon-eets

Crow- At-tap-poots

Cry- Yog-i

Cut- Moom-poots

D

Dark as night- To-war-

     a-wint

Daughter- Pat-soots

Day- Tabby

Day after tomorrow-

     Pe-ni-e-chuck

Daylight- Tah-shu-int

Dead- Yay-qua

Deep- To-quint

Deer- Ter-ady

Devil- Shenob

Dog- She-nob, Sah-rits,

     Sor-reuh

Dragonfly- Pah-gush-er-

     weets

Dress- Pee-jee

Dried up- Tab-bush-que

Drive- Washy

Drop- We-qui-nuc

Duck- Tse-gah

Dusk- Ship-poke

Dust- O-cump

E

Eagle- Qui-nants

Ear- Nung-kub-bap

Earring- Nonk

Earth- Tu-weep

East- Sheve-e-emmurrh

Edge of an ax- Kong-

     wog-gant

Egg- Nay-pub

Elbow- Kee-poob

Elk- Pah-ree

Enough- Enough- O-ne-

     shump

Evening- Pe-ki
Eye- Poo-eeb

F

Face- Ko-bob

Fall- At-suc-e-nuc

Fall forward- Mo-back-

     up

Fall season- U-un

Far away- Mee-at, Too-

     wicha-me

Farm- Yous-coots

Fat- U-be

Father- Mo-ants

Feather- Ma-orch

Fell in the fire- Que-

     pits-goo-mo-ock

Few- Nan-na-soos

Fight- Nak-o-quah

Find- My

Finger- Mah-she-ab

Fire- Kone

Fire or light- Pan-nan-

     inte

Firewood- Ko-quop

Fish- Pan-guitch

Flat iron- Mo-go-to-par-

     e-nomp

Flint- Tim-po-o-now-i-

     jep, Tah-sheep

Floor- Shom-woc-i-nuc

Flour-  To-shook-unt

Fly away- Yone-sick

Foot- Nam-pab

Foot of a mountain-

     Kan-ne-gub

Fork of a road- Wah-ut-

     shy-nuc

Friend- Te-geeb

Friendly- Tica-boo

Frog- Pah-guont

Frost bitten- Yay-a-

     nunk

Frozen or numb- Tah-
hook-qua

G

Get from lying- Quer-i-

     kee

Get out of the way- In-

     e-to

Get up- Wah-wy-jup

Girl- Nan-jitch, Pun-

     goots

Give it to me- Mon-te-

     oo

Glad- Sho-y-ump

Glazed cloth- Pe-an-o-

     kunt

Go around- Mor-row-oc

Go away- Pi-que

God- She-now-ab

Good- Ah-eet, Wino

Goodbye- Tow-go-an

Goose- O-ban-nunk

Gophers- Mi-am-poots

Grandfather- Koo-noob

Grandmother- Weets-

     ab

Greasewood- To-nub

Great- Ah-bat

Grey- Tshar-en-tah-sho-

     gar

Gun Charger- Tsam-i-

     nump

Gunpowder- Kot-se-up-

     soot-sah-wah

H

Hailstone- Pah-ump

Hair of an animal- Poo-

     oob

Hair of head- Tat-sa-

     boo

Halter- Koo-bog-up

Hand- Mo

Handkerchief- Koo-

     rung-kor-shup

Hard- Tit-se-gar

Hard timber- Que-ash-

     ebe

Hat or Cap- Kideg-otes,

     Sho-wau-bi-ki

Have none- Key-wite

He or She- Eeng

Head- To-at-se-ung

Heart- Mo-gwo-ab

Heavy- To-anun-ter,

     Poo-tee-ant

Hedgehog- Yum-poots

Help- Ne-wat-se-uc

Here- E-bo

Hide- Ah-ha-wad-se

High water- O-eech

Hog- Koot-soo-in

Hole- Pok-ets

Horn- App

Horse- Kah-bah, Pango

Hot- Tar-ro-want

House- Wick-iup, Kan

How many- An-a-pine

Hug- Man-nu-que

Hungry- Te-ge-i

Hunt- Pe-sho-ger

Hunt cattle- Koot-sen-

     nam-me

Husband or wife- Pe-
wah

I

I or me- Nin-ne, Tam-

     me

I said so- Itinish

I want- Ash-en-ty

Ice- Pah-rash-up

Impediment in speech-

     Tim-pera

Interpreter- Pi-am-pog-

     its

Iron- Pan-ac-er

Is it so- U-ne-ga

It is- U-nits

K

Kettle- Pam-poon

Kill- Pucki

Knee- Tong-ab

L

Laginns- Tah-coo-ge

Lame- Tah-gots-peep

Language- Um-pog-ger

Large- Pee-up

Large stream- Ah-bap-

     pah

Lasso or rope- Tish-

     shoub

Laugh- Kee-ung-kope

Lazy- Shome-pe-ung

Lie- I-shump

Lie, falsehood- To-ish-

     oor

Lie down- Ah-bee

Light (not heavy)- Shy-

     ker

Lightning- Pan-nock-

     sher

Likewise or alike- To-a-

     now-ah

Little Salt Lake- Par-a-

     goon

Lizards- Mo-gwe, Tsoo-

     coo-peets

Locust- Koo-oob

Long- Pat-to-ant

Looking glasses- Nah-

     won-w-nump

Lost- To-week
Love- Poo-e-muts

M

Mad or angry- Ni-gah,

     To-buc

Male- Koo-mung

Man- Tou-ats

Many- Ah-van-it

Me or I- Tam, Tam-my

Meetinghouse- Um-pog-

     ger-kan

Melt or boil- Shap-pe-uc

Midnight- Te-o-to-un

Milk- Pebe

Mine- Nin-ne-aye

Moccasin- Pats

Moon- Mi-to-des

More- Po-wer-e-wah

Mosquito- Mo-ab

Mother- Pe-ads

Mountain- Kibe

Mountain sheep- Nah-

     guts

Mountain top- Ki-ba-

     mant

Mouse- Poo-e-chats

Mouth or lips- Tim-pub

Mule- Mo-rats

Muskrat- Pah-oonce

N

Naked- Ter-in-may-

     nump

Name- Ne-ah

Narrow- Tso-peets

Naval- See-goob

Neck- Koo-run

Nephew or niece- I-e-tes

Night- To-un, To-gur-o-

     wint

Noon- To-e-tab-by

North- Que-em-murrh

Nose- Mo-bi-tump

Nostril- Gin-um- poobe

Not the thing- Sho-wat-

     timp

Not wise- Kot-soo-ah

Nothing- Nav-ish

Now- Oup

O

Oak- Que-ube

Oats- To-bo-bo-we

Old- Na-ni-pides

Older brother- Pah-vits

Older sister- Pat-sits

Open the door- Wo-ni

Otter- Poob

Out of sight- Yo-qua

Outrun- Moc-o-qur-pe-

     ung

P

Pain- Yongk

Paint- Oom-pe, Um-pe

Pantaloons- Koo-ze

Pants- Pe-mo

Paper- Pon-ump

Peas or beans- Mo-ree

Perhaps so- Um-pi-go

Pinchers- We-coo-e-

     nump

Pin- Tah-oo-skoo-e-

     nump

Pinch- Tsip-tsoompe

Pine- O-goom-pe

Pine nuts- To-ob

Pinyon Pine- Te-wa-ub

Pipe- Tsoom

Pistol- To-we-pids

Play- Kee-up

Pocket knife- Nah-keets

Poison- Mi-oc-kunt

Poor person- Tah-ah-

     poots

Porcupine- Yom-poots

Pore in flesh- Kan-a-bits

Potatoes- Wee-choone

Prairie dog-I-ab-oots

Preaching- Am-par-a-

     wub

Pumpkin or squahs-

     Par-o-war

Q

Quaking aspen- Shee-

     oob

Quick- Pun-ko,

Quills- O-she-ab

Quiver- O-goon

R

Rabbit- Kom

Rabbits (small)- Tah-

     woots

Rain- Pah-wer, Pah-wart

Rainbow- O-ni-ut

Ramrod- Tim-pe-et-sko-

     i-nump

Rattlesnake- To-go-ab

Rawhide- Pat-sow-er

Red- Ung-cog-ger

Red berries- Tsam-pebe

Right- Ite, Toy

Red bush- Tam-i-nump

Rio Virgin- Par-roosh

Ripe- Quash-ee

Rise or come in sight-

     Mah-we-sha

Roily water- Too-roots-

     up

Run away- To-o-que

Run quick- O-ne-pun-

     ke-nonk

Rust- Ung-carry-oo-poo-

     oc

S

Sack- Koo-nob

Sage hen- See-jah

Saleratus- O-gin-um-

     poobe

Salt- Wahb

Salt Lake- O-wah-pah

Santiclarry (Santa Clara)- To-ne-quent

Saw- Stab-en-an-ump

Scold- Quar-a-bi-ip

Seagull- Tah-shah-wits

Service berries- To-ump

Shade- Ah-bahb

Sharp- Kong-wock

Shears- Nah-keets

Sheep- Kan-ne-roots

Short- Too-ee-pits

Shoulder- Ong-ong

Sick- Pee-hon-key

Side- Ong-nob

Side of anything- Ong-

     wah-bat

Sinew or thread- Tah-

     moob

Sing- Kah-up

Sister- Mam-eets-

     konurrh

Sit down- Kah-re-wah,

     O-non, Car-rop

Sit down over there-

     Mah-bak-ond-e-car-ry

Skin or hide- Poo-ah

Skull- Tat-soof

Sleep- Ah-pwe

Small- Mee-poods

Small dog- Weet-set

Smoke- Queep

Snake- Tse-go-ub

Snore- O-sho-ro-rum

Snow- Nee-wab

Soap- Nah-buc-o-nump

Soft- Sho-wagger

Soft or limber- Pi-you-

     gar

Sole (leather)- Pat-sub

Sore or rotten- Pe-keep

Sorry- Sho-war-e-gee,

     Yo-gong-wa

South- Pan-ner-murrh

Spider- Quats-ats

Spring of year- Tah-

     man

Spot- To-oo-i-uc

Spur- Tong-on-nump

Stand- Wo-nee

Stand up- Wo-noop-wo-

     noo-ah

Stars- Poot-seeb

Stay- Kar-ry

Steal- Ter-re-kee

Stiff- Toong-qwe-on-ker

Stingy- Ko-weep

Stink- Poo-noor

Stirrup- Tan-a-gin-ump

Stomach- Show-we-ab

Stone- Timp

Stone, coal- Pe-er-imp

Stone for grinding-

     Mart

Stop- Ar-re-kah

Straight as a stick- To-

     um-a-quon

String- Quo-e-kunt

Striped- Tsat-tson-ki-

     nuc

Strong wind- Nan-nurrh

Summer- Tat-sat-tint

Sunflowers- Ock

Sunrise- Tab-mah-we-

     want-sha

Sweet- Pe-og-o-mont

Sword or spear- Shee-

     gish

T

Tail- Quash-e-ung

The nation- Noo-inch

The other side- Man-

     ung-kope

Them, they or that-

     Marrh

There- Mob-bah

Think or remember-

     Shu-mi

This side- Pi-ah-bant

Thorn- Man-ab

Thunder- O-noo-no-

     weet

Throw- Tah-be-pe-uc

Throw away- Ter-e-bee

Tie up- Tap-pee-chy

Tin vessel- Pah-nat-to-

     quo-ats

Tired- Kah-shots, Kah-

     shop

To bake as bread- Pan-

     nar-i-pe-uc

To bruise or brake-

     Pah-tock-in

To chase- Mah-rune-pe-

     ung

To consume- Nipe

To eat- Te-cub-bah

To exchange- Nah-raw-

     wap

To groan- Nah-gip

To grow- Nan-ne

To hide- O-gum-ishu

To kindle a fire- Koo-

     nan-ninte

To lift or take up-

     Kwoo-pe-uc

To meet- Nah-buts-a-

     wump

To move- Me-a-bog-ip

To pack- No-que

To patch- O-poc-o-pe-uc

To put on clothes- Nah-

     gop-e-uc

To quarrel - Nah-ang-

     kunt

To roast meat- Koot-

     spe-pe-ung

To rub- Mah-sho-pe-uc

To shoot- Koo-que-e

To shout or call- Pat-see

To smell- O-gwee-type

To sneeze- Oc-sheep

To soak- Par-re-ke-pe-uc

To squeeze- Mah-

     gwitch-chu

To sting- Koo-que-nung

To swell with water-

     Ko-ne-ru-ny

To swim- Pahve-koop

To tell- Pe-sherney

     ung

To tickle- Man-son-a-pe-

To track- Nan-tin-ripe-

     ung

To undo- Man-op-e-ock

To wait- Man-so-e-tipe

To walk- Pah-gip

To walk about- Pah-in-

     ye

To warm- Koot-son-e-

     tipe, Mah-mo-a-kipe

To wash or baptize-

     Nah-buc-coop

Toad- Kah-got-tah

Tomorrow morning-

     Ech-uck

Tomorrow night- Pe-

     nar-ite

Tongue- O-gump

Town- Peech

Track- Nah-war-a-weep

W

Watermelon- Shan-ti-ut

West- Pe-tan-e-murrh

When- A-no-ke

Wife- Pe-war

Woman- Pan-ni-ants

12
Mineral Expedition

          According to the call from President Brigham Young to go to the mountains to procure some mineral for the purpose of glazing.

          President Young gave me orders, by letter, to call on the Bishop of Parowan for whatever assistance I needed. On Sunday, April 1^st, I made a call from the stand at Parowan for volunteers to go with me. The following names were given: Charles Webb, John Lowder, John Hyatt, Barney Carter, Edward Ward, William LeFever, Zadock Judd, and James Duke. Sixteen horses were there given for the benefit of the trip.

          On Wednesday, April 4^th, we started for Parowan with the 16 horses and 9 men. After traveling a few miles, William LeFever was thrown from his horse and his mind deranged. We administered to him and he soon recovered. His horse ran off and lost his saddle. The horse was pursued and brought back.

          After traveling a few miles further, the adversary seemed to enter into the horse that I was leading with my pack on it; and without any cause perceivable, he began kicking and jumping until he threw himself. He lay and groaned for a few seconds. Then he arose and kicked until he broke the pack saddle and stripped himself of all that was on him. We gathered the scattering fragments and pursued our journey and soon arrived in Cedar City. We put up at Bishop Smith's. He got up a dance for us and we passed away the time well until about eleven o’clock.

The Bishop then called on the congregation, according to my request, for one man and four horses to accompany us. Brother Willden volunteered himself and two horses. We were then dismissed and returned to our lodging.

          After taking a short nap, I was aroused from sleep by a severe fit of sickness. My comrades, perceiving my anguish, arose from their beds and four of them administered to me; when the adversary, taking advantage of two of them, nearly prostrated them. My pain continued almost more than I could bear.

          During the day, my comrades watched over me closely. We believed that the adversary was opposed to our going to the mountains on that occasion. But we were determined to persist in our operation, and accomplish the object that we had started for. We stayed the second night at Cedar City and on the morning of the sixth of April, we again started on our journey and had another kicking spree. A pack saddle broke, and everything streaked from the horse.

          We arrived at Harmony and our boys soon got up another dance. The weather was warm and cheerful.

Saturday, April 7^th  

          This morning, four of our animals were missing. Barney Carter and John Lowder pursued them and at night came in with three of them. We stayed all day and all night at Harmony. Last night, a black cloud appeared in the southwest.

Sunday, April 8^th

          This morning we hunted for the lost animal but without success. We left Harmony at 12 o’clock. We traveled about 15 miles. We then encamped on Ash Creek.

Monday, April 9^th  

          We passed down Ash Creek and crossed the Rio Virgin in ½ mile of the mouth of Ash Creek. We bore to the east and ascended the bluffs at the old trail that I traveled on this route, previously mentioned in my journal. We encamped at a small spring on the side of the mountain.

Tuesday, April 10^th (David’s Birthday)

          Today, we left my old route and bore close to the mountains to see if we could find water, as it was scarce in the bottom of the valley floor. In about fifteen miles, we came to a very pretty stream coming out of a canyon. This creek sunk before it ran very far. We named it “Short Creek”.

          We found two Indians here, a man and his wife. We gave them some beans and told him to plant them. We still kept close to the mountains and in about 15 more miles came to a spring and encamped. We called it “Cane Springs” from the multitude of summer cane that grew around it.

Wednesday, April 11^th

          We left this spring, all in good spirits, and went ten miles on my old route. We found water in a ditch and nooned. We went on about five miles. Five rods from my old track and to my left, I discovered some flat rocks standing up erect. We went and examined the place. 
          About 16 inches beneath the surface, we found a stone lying flat-side down with many engravings on it. This stone was about 12 inches by 18 inches, and about two inches thick. I took my pencil and paper and drew off the characters. 
          There were many rocks here that stood in a slanting position. Many pieces of ancient pottery were around this place. (For a more detailed description of the discovery, see “Ancient Discovery” below.) We went on about 5 miles and encamped.

Thursday, April 12^th

        We traveled today mostly on my old track; went thirty miles and found some spongy land, and by digging we got plenty of water for an encampment.

Friday, April 13^th

          Today we traveled about three miles and came to the object of our search. We were about three hours in procuring one thousand pounds; we then returned to our last night’s camp. Two Indians came to our camp.

Saturday, April 14^th

          We traveled back to our red pool.

Sunday, April 15^th

          Left the red pool and went to Cane Springs.

Monday, April 16^th  

          Nooned at Short Creek; went eight miles and encamped. No water.

Tuesday, April 17^th

          Some of the boys found a spring about one mile from last night’s camp. They called it “Gliffie Springs”, on account of the many hieroglyphics. We traveled on to Willow Springs and encamped.

Wednesday, April 18^th

          Traveled to old Harmony and encamped.

Thursday, April 19^th  

          Arrived at Parowan.

13

Expedition

Poem

Come and gather up my boys,

We must not stand a gazing,

The call to us, it has been made,

The potters want some glazing.

The potter goes, to making jugs,

According to their raising,

But now the water might run out,

Because they lack the glazing.

We will now, to the mountains go,

We will not stand a lazing,

And get the things, which they do want,

You know they call it glazing.

If you had been, along with us,

You'd have seen Old Nick a raising,

This mighty force, to stop us boys,

From going after glazing.

A horse did soon, his rider throw,

And left him down a crazing,

And seemed to by his actions say,

I will not go for glazing.

To see the horses, break their packs,

Truly it was amazing,

But we were, determined to go,

Bring back the potters glazing.

And all those that, don't with us go,

We hope you'll go to raising,

The things that we, wish to buy,

We'll pay you off in glazing.

You know we had not long been gone,

Before the news went blazing,

That we had gone, to the silver mines,

Instead of after glazing.

Success to the boys, that with us went,

There's none of them needs praising,

But if there should, be another call,

They’re all on hand for glazing,

They're all on hand for glazing.

References

Cover Painting: Butler, H. R. Mountains of the Sun. Zion Museum Collection ZION 14586.

Chapter 1: Lewis, D. (1854). Autobiography. Courtesy of the Church History Library of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Editing and grammar editing by Devin L. McFarlane. 
Chapter 2: Brown, T. D. (1972). Journal of the Southern Indian Mission. Brooks, J. (Ed.). Logan, UT: Utah State University Press. Grammar editing by Devin McFarlane.
Chapter 3: Adapted from the report given by David to T. D. Brown. Brown, T. D. (1972). Journal of the Southern Indian Mission. Brooks, J. (Ed.). Logan, UT: Utah State University Press. Grammar editing by Devin McFarlane.
Chapter 4: Robinson, R. S. (13 July 1854). Letter to his parents. Retrieved from http://mikeandrhondafamilyhistory. blogspot.com/2011/03/southern-indian-mission.html
Chapter 5: Brown, T. D. (1972). Journal of the Southern Indian Mission. Brooks, J. (Ed.). Logan, UT: Utah State University Press. Grammar editing by Devin L. McFarlane.

Chapter 6: Lewis, D. M. (1854-55). David Lewis Mission Journal. Courtesy of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Grammar editing by Devin L. McFarlane.
Chapter 7: Brown, T. D. (1972). Journal of the Southern Indian Mission. Brooks, J. (Ed.). Logan, UT: Utah State University Press. Grammar editing by Devin McFarlane.
Chapter 8: Lewis, D. M. (1854-55). David Lewis Mission Journal. Courtesy of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Grammar editing by Devin L. McFarlane.

Chapter 9: Lewis, D. M. (9 Jan 1855). Brigham Young Incoming Correspondence, 1839-1877, box 24 fd. 07. Courtesy of the Church History Library of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Chapter 10: Brigham Young Letter. Deseret News. Grammar editing by Devin L. McFarlane. Retrieved from http://ourfamilyheritage.blogspot.com/2011/07/david-and-duritha-trail-lewis.html Photo: Courtesy of the Church History Museum of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Chapter 11: Lewis, D. M. (1854-55). David Lewis Mission Journal. Courtesy of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Grammar editing by Devin L. McFarlane.

Chapter 12: Lewis, D. M. (1854-55). David Lewis Mission Journal. Courtesy of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Grammar editing by Devin L. McFarlane.
Chapter 13: Lewis, D. M. (1854-55). David Lewis Mission Journal. Courtesy of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Grammar editing by Devin L. McFarlane.